The usage of defined memory in GCC may be visualized with several methods. However, their correctness depends highly on your application.
In the linker script is the definition of available hardware memory areas. Into those areas, the sections containing code and variables, the program memory is stored.
Program memory created by the compiler usually consists out of the sections ".text", ".rodata", ".data" and ".bss". The sections ".heap" and ".stack" are user defined.
This directly shows, that the dynamic (user) program memory inside heap and stack area cannot be measured during compile- and link-time because they are user defined.
However, for the program memory it is possible to visualize this after link-time with a linker option or with the gcc toolchain.